Turbine



Sept. 25, 1923. flfifigfiw H. T. HERE TURBINE I Original Filec'i'Oct.11, 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 H. THew' I N V EN TOR.

ATTORNEY Sept. 25, 1923. 3,416,633

H. T. HERR TURBINE Original Filed Oct. 11. 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet 3 F; 151;go

HITZHefl-T INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY IlH Patented Sept. 25, 1923.

nnnensrr. HERE, on ivinmoii, PENNSYLVANIA. ASSIGNOR ro wnsrrneneusnELEC- 'rnrc AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A coaronsricn orrnimsvtvanm.

TURBINE.

Application filed October 11,1920, Serial T 0 all whom it may concern. 7

' Be it known that I, Hummer T. HERB, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Merion, in the county of Delaware and State ofPennsylvania,have invented 'a new and useful Improvement in Turbines, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to power developing apparatus and moreparticularly to organized turbine structures including two or morepower-developing elements in which one or more elements at times areemployed in developing power, while the others are inoperative orrunning idle. v

An object of the invention is to produce a new and improved power systemor organized turbine apparatus which is highly elicient under ordinaryoperating conditions and in which are provided both ahead and asternelementswhich are located in a single casing and which are adapted to operate independently. V l

A further object is to provide, in a turbine having ahead and asternsections in which one section is idle while the other is in operation, acooling means for the idle section.

In. the drawing, Fig. 1 is a diagrammatical representation of a turbinestructure embodying one form of my invention and Fig. 2 is adiagrammatical representation of a modification thereof.

In turbines of the type comprising reversing elements exhausting into amain 9X1 haust chamber, a considerable quantity of steam is drawn intothe idle, rotating ahead element when the steam is being delivered tothe astern elements. This steam is churned V and agitated by therotation of the blades of the idleelements and often develops heattosuch a degree asto cause injury to the casing, drum and blades of theidle sections. By my invention 1 prevent this heating of the idlesections, dueto the churnning of the steam, by providing means forwithdrawing steamfrom near the normal inlet end of the'idle elements,and thus causing a slow stream of relatively .cool exhaust steam to flowconstantly through the idle sections, maintaining therein safe workingtemperatures. i

The construction. illustrated in Fig. 1. in which the ahead and asternelements of a turbine are similar in structure. equal in capacity andarranged symmetrically to a No. 416,094. Renewed February 24, 1923.

cen ral exhaust. is iarticularly adapted for power systems in whichreverse movement oi the motor is required during relatively longperiods, and high efiiciency oi the motor during such reverse rotationis desired, as for example, in the operation of ferry boats. Thisconstruction comprises a turbine casing 10 and a drum 11, axiallyrotatably mounted within the casing. The ahead elements comprise ahigh-pressure impulse section 12 and a low-pressure reaction section 13.Similarly, the astern elements comprise a high-pressure impulse section14, and a low-pressure reaction section 15. The leaving blades of boththe sections 14 and 15 discharge into a central exhaust chamber 16.

Communicating with the interior oi the casing between the impulsesection 12 and the reaction section 13 is a by-pass pipe 17 whichcommunicates at its outer end with a centrally disposed pipe 18, thelatter opening into the exhaust chamber 16 of the turbine. A similarby-pass 19 communicates at one end withthe interior of the casingbetween the impulse section 14 and the reaction section 15 and at theother end with the centrally disposed pipe 18. A steam main 20 providedwith a valve 21 supplies steam to the nozzles 22 arranged in operativerelation to the blades of the impulse section 12. A similar main. 23,equipped with a valve 24-- supplies steam to the nozzles 25 of theimpulse section 14. Pressure-operated valves 26 and 27 are provided ineach of the bypass pipes 17 and 19. Mounted upon the casingo'f valve 26is a cylinder 28 in which a piston 29is arranged to reciprocate. A valvestem 39 rigidly connects the valve 26 and piston 29, and a spring 31positioned in the cylinder 28 holds the valve 26 to its v seat. Thevalve 27 is in the same way equipped with an operating mechanismcomprising a cylinder 32, and a piston 33, connected to the valve 27 bya valve stem 3% and retained upon its seat by a spring A pipe 36connects the steam main 23 at a point bctween the valve 2 1 and thenozzles 25 with the chamber formed. in cylinder 28 beneath the piston29. A pipe 37 likewise connects the steam. main 20 at a point betweenthe valve 21 and the nozzles 22 with the chamber formed in the cylinder32 beneath the piston 33.

If desired, an ejector may be positioned .7 and centrally above the pipe18 for facilitating the withdrawal of steam from the by-pass pipes 17and 19. This ejector may be sup-, plies with steainfrom the mains and 23by means of conduits 89 and 40, in each of which preferablyplaced acheck valve These conduits 89. and may be 'l illi'l'liil' equipped withmanually controlled valves and 14. r Having thus described a structureemiig my invention, the operation is as lissnming that the valve 21 isopen and the valve 2st closed, steam is ad Iniittedfrom the main 20 tothe sections 12 and 'and is discharged into the exhaust chamber l6. Therotationo'f the idle blades in the sections 15 draws in steam from theexhaust chann main there, would cause excessive heating due to theagitation ofthe steam in this portion ofthe turbine. This steam in theidle sectionl is, however, Withdrawn through the by-pass 19,"since uponopening the valve 21, steam from the main 20 traverses the pipe 37 andenters the'cylinder 32 beneath the'piston 33, forcing the pistonupwardly and opening thevalve 27. This places the inlet end ofthesections 15 in communication with the exhaust chamber 16 and therebyp oduces cooling of the idle sections by the slow reverse flow of steamtl'iroiigh these sections. through, and p the idle sections may-beincreased by the op-' oration ot the ejector 8,ivhich receives its hencethe cooling action in,

l motive fluid from the main 20 through the and the valve 2% is V Thecheck valve 42 prevents a re verse flow of steam through the pipe 40. Inreversing the tiirbine,the valve 21 is closed opened. The valve '27automatically closes, the valve 26 automatically opens'and the coolinmechanism operates with relation to the idle section 13 in alikeinannerto that described above.

In Fig; 2 is illustrated a turbine in which the reversing elementscomprise a single impulse section 14 which is adapted for use where ahigh eiiiciency in the reverse opera: tion oi the turbine is not of rentimportance, as in motors where a reverse rotation is desired only forrelatively short periods.

The structure, in the main, is the same as that descr bed andillustrated in relation to F 1g. 1. Like parts in both figures have beendesignated by the same reference numbers and a detailed description or"the structure need not be here repeated. It should be noted that but asingle vby-pass element 17 is employed in this form of my invention.

The pipe 18 leads to the exhaust chamber- 7 16 ad acent the condenserconnection. The

steam T01 operating the ejector 38 is suppliedby a pipe 39 whichcommunicates with the pipe 361' In running astern. the opera;

tion of the cooling means for the idle secier, which, if allowed to re-The flow of steam tions 13 is identical with that described above dvlllhrelation to. the construction illustrated in F 1g, 1'. In running ahead,no

provision need be made for cooling the astern impulse section, since. itis located'snb stantially in the exhaust chamber and is subjected to theflow of exhaust steam on its way to the condenser.

It is to be understood that the ahead and astern valves'2l and 2 lareessentially maneuvering valves and that the turbine should alsobe-fequipped V with a separate inlet valve, such as valve in Fig. 2,capable'oi being controlled by a governor for the purpose orpreventing'racing.

While I haveshownmy invention in but two forms, it 'will be obvious tothose skilled in the art that it is notso limited, but

is susceptible-ofvarious other changesand' modifications 'withoutdeparting-from the c haust, a lay-pass pipe connecting an inlet portionor said aheadturblne element ivitn the exhaust chamber, a valve in saidbypass and means controlled by the pressure inthe l or opening said,valve; Y

.2. In an apparatus oft-he character described comprising a casing, anahead turbine element and an asternturbine element in said casing, steamsupply pipes for said elements, valves inlsaid supply pipes, an exhaustchamber into which both turbine elesupply pipe of the astern turbineelement" ments exhaust, by-pass connections'leading from aninitial'stageof eachof the turbine each by-pass conne'ctiom: and meanscon trolled by the pressure in the supply pipe of one turbine elementfor opening the valve in the other turbine by-pass connection.

3. In an apparatus of the character, de-

scribed comprising an ahead turbine lele-' ment, an astern turbineelement, each-of said elements arranged to run idly while'theother isdeveloping power, an exhaust chamber into which both turbine elementsexhaust, a

by-p'asspipe connecting an initial stage of' said ahead turbine elementwiththe exhaust chamber, and means operative while the astern turbine isdevelop'ing'power for'opening said by-pa-ss' connection.

4:. In an apparatus of the characterdescribed. a casing, a turbineelementgarranged to run idlywhile not developing power, an

elements to the exhaust chamber a valve in turbine element is rotatingwithout developing power.

5. In an apparatus of'the character described, comprising an aheadturbine element, an astern turbine element, each of said elements beingarranged to run idly while the other is developing power, a commonexhaust chamber for the turbine elements,'an ejector discharging intothe exhaust chamber, a by-pass pipe connecting an initial stage of theahead turbine element with said ejector, a valve in the bypass pipe,means controlled by the pressure in the supply for the astern turbineelement for opening said valve, and a steam supply pipe connecting theejector with said astern turbine supply,

'whereby when the astern turbine element is developing power, an initialstage of the ahead turbine element will be in communication wit-h theejector through the by-pass pipe and motive fluid will be supplied theejector to draw steam through the working passages of the idle aheadturbine element.

6. In a multi-stage turbine, the combination of an exhaust chamber, aconduit for connecting a high-pressure stage of the turbine to theexhaust chamber, and a pumping device associated with the conduit toinsure flow therethrough from the high-pressure stage to the exhaustchamber.

7. In a multi-stage turbine, the combination of an exhaust chamber, aconduit for connecting a high-pressure stage of the turbine to theexhaust chamber, and an ejector in the conduit having its discharge enddisposed toward the exhaust chamber.-

8. In a turbine having a casing, a rotor,

and blading carried by the casing and by the rotor, the combination ofmeans for rotating the rotor other than by said blading, an exhaustchamber for said blading, a conduit for connecting the high-pressure endof the turbine to said exhaust chamber,a pumping device for insuringflow in the conduit from the high-pressure end of the turbine to theexhaust chamber, and means for rendering the pumping device operativedependent upon the operation of the first-mentioned means.

,9. In a multi-stage turbine having ahead and reversing sections, thecombination of an exhaust chamber for the ahead section, a conduit forconnecting a high-pressure stage of the ahead section with the exhaustchant her, and a pumping device associated with the conduit to insureflow from said highpressure stage to the exhaust chamber when thereversing section is in operation.

10. In a multi-stage turbine having ahead and reversing sections, thecombination of an exhaust chamber for the sections arrangedtherebetween, a conduit for connecting a high-pressure stage of theahead section with the exhaust chamber, and a pumping device associatedwith the conduit to insure flow from said high-pressure stage to theexhaust chamber when the reversing section is in operation.

11. In a multi-stage turbine having ahead and reversing sections, thecombination of an exhaust chamber for the ahead section, a conduit forconnecting a high-pressure stage of the ahead section with the exhaustcham her, and an ejector in the conduit to insure flow from saidhigh-pressure stage to the exhaust chamber when the reversing section isin operation.

HERBERT T. HERB.

